{"id":11799,"date":"2019-08-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-15T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/web-server-devel.mgc.es\/el-cop-de-calor\/"},"modified":"2019-11-22T12:42:04","modified_gmt":"2019-11-22T11:42:04","slug":"el-cop-de-calor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/el-cop-de-calor\/","title":{"rendered":"El cop de calor"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndex de continguts<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/el-cop-de-calor\/#Quins_simptomes_te\" >Quins s\u00edmptomes t\u00e9?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/el-cop-de-calor\/#Que_es_pot_fer_contra_un_cop_de_calor\" >Qu\u00e8 es pot fer contra un cop de calor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/el-cop-de-calor\/#Quines_son_les_situacions_de_risc\" >Quines s\u00f3n les situacions de risc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/el-cop-de-calor\/#Com_es_pot_evitar\" >Com es pot evitar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/el-cop-de-calor\/#Quines_persones_tenen_mes_risc_de_patir-ne\" >Quines persones tenen m\u00e9s risc de patir-ne<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6469\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sol-mar2.jpg\" alt=\"sol y mar\" width=\"800\" height=\"425\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Abans en d\u00e8iem insolaci\u00f3, i pot ser molt greu: es produeix quan el cos s\u2019escalfa en exc\u00e9s \u2014en termes m\u00e8dics \u201chipert\u00e8rmia\u201d\u2014 en un temps relativament curt.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9 diverses causes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>El cop de calor cl\u00e0ssic, tamb\u00e9 anomenat \u201ccop de sol\u201d (encara que es pot produir sense exposici\u00f3 directa al sol). La pell \u00e9s calenta i resseca i sembla socarrimada.<\/li>\n<li>El cop de calor causat per l\u2019exercici, sobretot si es fa sota el sol.<\/li>\n<li>Les cremades, fins i tot les cremades produ\u00efdes pel sol quan s\u2019han destru\u00eft les gl\u00e0ndules sudor\u00edpares.<\/li>\n<li>Altres causes, com ara l\u2019activitat excessiva de la gl\u00e0ndula tiroide (tirotoxicosi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quins_simptomes_te\"><\/span>Quins s\u00edmptomes t\u00e9?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Si es manifesten els s\u00edmptomes que es descriuen a continuaci\u00f3, s\u2019ha de relacionar immediatament amb un cop de calor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Febre alta, de 40 \u00baC o m\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Malestar, cansament, confusi\u00f3 generalitzada<\/li>\n<li>Pell encesa i anormalment calenta<\/li>\n<li>Orina escassa i fosca<\/li>\n<li>Tend\u00e8ncia a perdre el coneixement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si la temperatura arriba als 41 \u00baC, la situaci\u00f3 comen\u00e7a a ser greu. Si arriba o depassa els 42 \u00baC, pot afectar el cervell, el fetge, els ronyons i els m\u00fasculs, i fins i tot es poden tenir hemorr\u00e0gies.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Que_es_pot_fer_contra_un_cop_de_calor\"><\/span>Qu\u00e8 es pot fer contra un cop de calor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Com a primera mesura, cal traslladar el pacient a un ambient fresc, amb una temperatura d\u2019entre 15 \u00baC i 18 \u00baC.<\/li>\n<li>Despullar-lo i tapar-lo \u00fanicament amb un llen\u00e7ol lleuger.<\/li>\n<li>Si la febre augmenta a 39,5 \u00baC, la pell \u00e9s molt calenta i t\u00e9 un aspecte sec (o lleugerament suat), es recomanen dutxes amb aigua freda (de 15 \u00baC a 18 \u00baC); tamb\u00e9 es poden fer banys amb aigua freda, i massatges perqu\u00e8 en millori la circulaci\u00f3 de la sang.<\/li>\n<li>Tamb\u00e9 es pot cobrir el cos amb llen\u00e7ols o tovalloles humides, que s\u2019han de canviar amb freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia i, preferiblement, combinar aquesta acci\u00f3 amb l\u2019\u00fas d\u2019un ventilador el\u00e8ctric, o un dispositiu similar, perqu\u00e8 la temperatura del cos disminueixi una mica m\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>No s\u2019ha de fer servir aigua m\u00e9s freda de 15 \u00baC, ja que es produiria una restricci\u00f3 de la p\u00e8rdua d\u2019escalfor, com a efecte secundari d\u2019una constricci\u00f3 dels vasos sanguinis cutanis.<\/li>\n<li>Cal avisar un metge o, encara millor, dur el pacient a l\u2019hospital al m\u00e9s aviat possible. Sovint, una persona que pateix un cop de calor pot necessitar oxigen, que se li hagin d\u2019administrar s\u00e8rums per via intravenosa i, de vegades, medicaci\u00f3 adequada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quines_son_les_situacions_de_risc\"><\/span>Quines s\u00f3n les situacions de risc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Llocs amb temperatura elevada, amb molta humitat i amb un sol intens.<\/li>\n<li>Un gran esfor\u00e7 f\u00edsic (per exemple durant la pr\u00e0ctica d\u2019esport).<\/li>\n<li>Cremades solars extenses.<\/li>\n<li>Deshidrataci\u00f3: manca de l\u00edquids i de sals, en llocs calents.<\/li>\n<li>Consum excessiu d\u2019alcohol, en les mateixes condicions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Com_es_pot_evitar\"><\/span>Com es pot evitar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Cal habituar-se lentament a la calor i a la humitat, sobretot abans de fer esfor\u00e7os f\u00edsics. Aquesta aclimataci\u00f3 pot durar, als tr\u00f2pics, d\u20191 a 3 setmanes.<\/li>\n<li>Cal beure abundants dosis de l\u00edquids, preferiblement que continguin sals minerals, per\u00f2, sobretot, s\u2019ha d\u2019evitar l\u2019alcohol. En condicions extremes, es recomana beure fins a 3 o 4 litres diaris.<\/li>\n<li>Cal fer servir roba lleugera, folgada i transpirable (teixits com ara el lli i el cot\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>Cal limitar tant com sigui possible l\u2019exercici f\u00edsic intens, especialment si el consum de l\u00edquids i de sals \u00e9s baix.<\/li>\n<li>Cal evitar l\u2019exposici\u00f3 directa al sol: m\u00e9s encara, l\u2019ombra, o llocs amb aire condicionat.<\/li>\n<li>Cal fer-se banys sovintejats (al mar o a la piscina), en especial si s\u2019ha estat prenent el sol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quines_persones_tenen_mes_risc_de_patir-ne\"><\/span>Quines persones tenen m\u00e9s risc de patir-ne<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hi ha persones que s\u00f3n m\u00e9s propenses a tenir un cop de calor per la seva situaci\u00f3, entre les quals trobem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les persones d\u2019edat avan\u00e7ada, perqu\u00e8 m\u00e9s sovint presenten una hidrataci\u00f3 inadequada.<\/li>\n<li>Les persones que tenen exc\u00e9s de pes.<\/li>\n<li>Les persones amb cardiopaties, amb problemes cardiovasculars o les que tenen problemes pulmonars.<\/li>\n<li>Les persones sotmeses a tractaments anticolin\u00e8rgics (que poden fer disminuir la producci\u00f3 de la suor) o amb blocadors \u00df (que poden reduir la circulaci\u00f3 sangu\u00ednia en la pell).<\/li>\n<li>Nadons i criatures petites.<\/li>\n<li>Les dones embarassades, fonamentalment si consumeixen pocs l\u00edquids.<\/li>\n<li>Les persones que estan sota els efectes de l\u2019alcohol.<\/li>\n<li>Els esportistes que no tenen cura especial d\u2019hidratar-se com cal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abans en d\u00e8iem insolaci\u00f3, i pot ser molt greu: es produeix quan el cos s\u2019escalfa en exc\u00e9s \u2014en termes m\u00e8dics \u201chipert\u00e8rmia\u201d\u2014 en un temps relativament curt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[529,481],"class_list":["post-11799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salut","tag-estiu","tag-prevencio"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/sol-mar2.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Revista Inter\u00e8s Mutu","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/author\/interesmutu\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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