{"id":11704,"date":"2018-10-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-10T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/web-server-devel.mgc.es\/que-es-el-microbioma\/"},"modified":"2019-11-22T12:42:24","modified_gmt":"2019-11-22T11:42:24","slug":"que-es-el-microbioma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el microbioma"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndex de continguts<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/#Per_que_es_beneficios\" >Per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s benefici\u00f3s<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/#Com_tenir_cura_del_microbioma\" >Com tenir cura del microbioma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/#La_dieta_afecta_el_microbioma\" >La dieta afecta el microbioma?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5229 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/metro-atestado2.jpg\" alt=\"metro atestado\" width=\"800\" height=\"493\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Imagina&#8217;t una gran estaci\u00f3 de metro en hora punta, plena de gent que ve i que va, amb presses per arribar a la seva destinaci\u00f3; ara imagina&#8217;t aix\u00f2 mateix per\u00f2 a mida microsc\u00f2pica. B\u00e9, doncs aix\u00f2 et dona una idea de l&#8217;interior del teu intest\u00ed, que cont\u00e9 milions de milions (\u00e9s a dir, bilions) d&#8217;organismes: bacteris, fongs, par\u00e0sits, virus&#8230; de milers de tipus diferents i que en les persones sanes coexisteixen pac\u00edficament en equilibri, no nom\u00e9s a l&#8217;intest\u00ed sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 a la resta del cos. Aquest conjunt s&#8217;anomena microbiota.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>El paper del microbioma, que \u00e9s \u00fanic per a cada individu, \u00e9s important\u00edssim per a les milers d&#8217;operacions que tenen lloc constantment dins el cos hum\u00e0, i fins i tot hi ha experts que el consideren un \u00f2rgan. La seva composici\u00f3, doncs, \u00e9s variada i ve determinada per l&#8217;ADN.<\/p>\n<p>La primera relaci\u00f3 del cos amb el microbioma t\u00e9 lloc durant el naixement, quan travessem el canal del part; posteriorment, la lact\u00e0ncia el completar\u00e0, i per tant, dep\u00e8n del microbioma de la mare. Despr\u00e9s, la dieta i l&#8217;entorn el modificaran.<\/p>\n<p>Els components del microbioma, a escala global, s\u00f3n generalment simbi\u00f2tics, \u00e9s a dir, beneficien l&#8217;organisme que els allotja (el cos) i al seu torn tamb\u00e9 se\u2019n beneficien. Per\u00f2 no tota la poblaci\u00f3 &#8220;microbi\u00f2mica&#8221; \u00e9s beneficiosa. Hi ha components (afortunadament els menys nombrosos) que s\u00f3n pat\u00f2gens, \u00e9s a dir, capa\u00e7os de provocar malalties. En situaci\u00f3 normal, no donen guerra i es mantenen tranquils gr\u00e0cies a l&#8217;equilibri entre els organismes beneficiosos i els perjudicials, per\u00f2 quan s&#8217;altera l&#8217;equilibri es produeix l&#8217;anomenada disbiosi, que torna el cos procliu a la malaltia.<\/p>\n<p>Com es trenca l&#8217;equilibri? Doncs per una malaltia infecciosa, per una dieta inadequada o per la presa perllongada d&#8217;antibi\u00f2tics i altres medicaments antibacterians.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Per_que_es_beneficios\"><\/span>Per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s benefici\u00f3s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&#8217;estudi a fons del microbioma \u00e9s relativament recent, de manera que encara no se\u2019n coneixen totes les funcions; per\u00f2 s\u00ed sabem que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Estimula el sistema immune.<\/li>\n<li>Destrueix els components potencialment t\u00f2xics d&#8217;alguns aliments.<\/li>\n<li>Sintetitza algunes vitamines i amino\u00e0cids (vitamines del grup B, vitamina K). Per exemple, els enzims clau per a la s\u00edntesi de la vitamina B12 nom\u00e9s es troben als bacteris, no els podem obtenir ni de plantes ni d\u2019animals.<\/li>\n<li>Descompon els hidrats complexos (mid\u00f3, fibra) a la part final de l&#8217;intest\u00ed. La fermentaci\u00f3 de les fibres no digeribles comporta la producci\u00f3 d&#8217;\u00e0cids grassos de cadena curta (SCFA) que el cos fa servir com a nutrients, i juguen un paper important\u00edssim en la funci\u00f3 muscular i en la prevenci\u00f3 de malalties cr\u00f2niques (inclosos alguns c\u00e0ncers) i de trastorns intestinals. Diversos estudis afirmen que els SCFA s\u00f3n beneficiosos per combatre la malaltia de Crohn i la diarrea provocada pels tractaments antibi\u00f2tics.<\/li>\n<li>Ajuda a regular els nivells de colesterol i de glucosa.<\/li>\n<li>Serveix de protecci\u00f3 davant organismes pat\u00f2gens que poden penetrar al cos (amb el menjar, l&#8217;aigua, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>Evita la proliferaci\u00f3 descontrolada de bacteris pat\u00f2gens a l&#8217;intest\u00ed gros. Les fam\u00edlies de bacteris beneficiosos competirien pels nutrients amb les de pat\u00f2gens del c\u00f2lon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Com_tenir_cura_del_microbioma\"><\/span>Com tenir cura del microbioma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tenim al nostre abast els probi\u00f2tics, dels quals segur que ja has sentit a parlar. N&#8217;hi ha de naturals (aliments que contenen bacteris beneficiosos) i de sint\u00e8tics, que s\u00f3n pastilles amb bacteris vius actius. Aquests suplements de probi\u00f2tics s\u00f3n un negoci multimilionari, estimat en 35.000 milions de d\u00f2lars el 2015 i de 64.000 el 2024.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/yogur2.jpg\" alt=\"Yogurt\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Els suplements de probi\u00f2tics poden ser d&#8217;ajuda en certes situacions an\u00f2males, com diarrees o despr\u00e9s de la presa d&#8217;antibi\u00f2tics, per\u00f2 no sembla que aportin gaire al dia a dia d&#8217;una persona sana.<\/p>\n<p>Els probi\u00f2tics s&#8217;engloben dins la categoria de suplements, no d\u2019aliments, i pel que fa a la investigaci\u00f3 sobre el microbioma, encara no estan completament regulats. A Espanya, l&#8217;Ag\u00e8ncia Espanyola del Medicament i Productes Sanitaris (AEMPS), en la seva lluita contra la presa indiscriminada d&#8217;antibi\u00f2tics i les seves conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies, ha comptat amb l\u2019ajuda de la Societat Espanyola de Probi\u00f2tics i Prebi\u00f2tics per definir noves prioritats, aix\u00ed com una estrat\u00e8gia global per a la recerca en alternatives als antibi\u00f2tics en el canvi de la immunitat.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_dieta_afecta_el_microbioma\"><\/span>La dieta afecta el microbioma?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La resposta \u00e9s s\u00ed. L&#8217;her\u00e8ncia gen\u00e8tica i l&#8217;\u00fas de medicaments s\u00f3n la base del microbioma, per\u00f2 la dieta influeix molt. \u00c9s fonamental que contingui molta fibra, per a la formaci\u00f3 dels SCFA de qu\u00e8 parl\u00e0vem abans.<\/p>\n<p>Els aliments que afavoreixen l&#8217;increment dels SCFA, que s\u00f3n els hidrats indigeribles i fibres com la inulina, els midons resistents, fruit-oligosac\u00e0rids, gomes i pectines, se solen anomenar prebi\u00f2tics, perqu\u00e8 alimenten els organismes beneficiosos. Hi ha prebi\u00f2tics sint\u00e8tics, per\u00f2 en estat natural es troben en certs aliments crus: esp\u00e0rrecs, ceba, all, pl\u00e0tans, dent de lle\u00f3 i algues marines, entre d&#8217;altres.<\/p>\n<p>Conv\u00e9 saber que consumir molts prebi\u00f2tics de sobte t&#8217;omplir\u00e0 de gasos i se t&#8217;inflar\u00e0 l&#8217;abdomen, de manera que millor si els prens gradualment. Els qui pateixen de s\u00edndrome d&#8217;intest\u00ed irritable o altres trastorns intestinals tamb\u00e9 hauran d&#8217;actuar amb cautela.<\/p>\n<p>Els aliments rics en organismes beneficiosos s\u00f3n, entre d&#8217;altres, el iogurt, el quefir, el xucrut, el tempeh, el miso i els adobats.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Imagina&#8217;t una gran estaci\u00f3 de metro en hora punta, plena de gent que ve i que va, amb presses per arribar a la seva destinaci\u00f3; ara imagina&#8217;t aix\u00f2 mateix per\u00f2 a mida microsc\u00f2pica. B\u00e9, doncs aix\u00f2 et dona una idea de l&#8217;interior del teu intest\u00ed, que cont\u00e9 milions de milions (\u00e9s a dir, bilions) d&#8217;organismes: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salut"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/metro-atestado2.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Revista Inter\u00e8s Mutu","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/author\/interesmutu\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el microbioma - MGC M\u00fatua<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el microbioma - MGC M\u00fatua\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Imagina&#8217;t una gran estaci\u00f3 de metro en hora punta, plena de gent que ve i que va, amb presses per arribar a la seva destinaci\u00f3; ara imagina&#8217;t aix\u00f2 mateix per\u00f2 a mida microsc\u00f2pica. B\u00e9, doncs aix\u00f2 et dona una idea de l&#8217;interior del teu intest\u00ed, que cont\u00e9 milions de milions (\u00e9s a dir, bilions) d&#8217;organismes: [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MGC M\u00fatua\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/mgcmutua\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-10T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-11-22T11:42:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/metro-atestado2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"493\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Revista Inter\u00e8s Mutu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@mgcmutua\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@mgcmutua\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Revista Inter\u00e8s Mutu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuts\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el microbioma - MGC M\u00fatua","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mgc.es\/ca\/blog\/que-es-el-microbioma\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el microbioma - MGC M\u00fatua","og_description":"Imagina&#8217;t una gran estaci\u00f3 de metro en hora punta, plena de gent que ve i que va, amb presses per arribar a la seva destinaci\u00f3; ara imagina&#8217;t aix\u00f2 mateix per\u00f2 a mida microsc\u00f2pica. 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